干姜化学研究
化学研究
干姜油含挥发性成分:α-姜烯(α-zingiberene),牻牛儿醇(geraniol),β-甜没药烯(β-bisabolene),橙花醇(nerol),1,8-桉叶素(1,8-cineole),α-松油醇(α-terpineol),龙脑(borneol),β-水芹烯(β-phellandrene),芳樟醇(Linalool),甲基壬基酮(methylnonyl ketone),樟烯(camphene),柠檬烯(limonene),倍半水芹烯(sesquiphellandrene),α-姜黄烯(α-curcumene)及乙酸孟酯(menthylacetate)等70多种;辛辣成分:6-姜辣醇(6-gingerdione),6-姜辣酮(6-shogaol),8-姜辣烯酮,5-去氧-6-姜辣醇(6-paradol),6-辣辣二醇(6-gingediol),6-姜辣二醇-5-乙酸酯(6-gingediol-5-acetate),6-姜辣二醇-3-乙酸酯(6-gingediol-3-acetate),6-姜辣二醇双乙酸酯(6-gingediacetate)及6-甲基姜辣二醇双乙酸酯(6-methylgingediacetate)等;二芳基庚烷类成分:姜烯酮(gingerenong)A、B、C异姜烯酮B(isogingerenoneB),六氢姜黄素(hexahydrocurcumin),内消旋-3,5-二乙酰氧基-1,7-双-(4-羟 基-3-甲氧基苯基)-庚烷[3,5-diacetoxy-1,3,5-二乙酰氧基-1-(4-羟 基-3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-7-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-庚烷[3,5-diacetoxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-eimethoxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-heptane],(3S,5S)-二羟基-1-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-7-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-庚烷[(3S,5S)-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-heptane],(3S,5S)-3,5-二羟基-1,7-双-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-庚烷[(3S,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-heptane],5-羟基-7-(4羟基苯基)-1-( 4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-3-庚酮[5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-heptanone],3,5-二乙酰氧基-7-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-1-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-庚烷[3,5-diacetoxy-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-heptane],5-羟基-1-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-7-(4)-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基β-3-庚酮[5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-heptanone],5-羟基-7-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-1-(4-羟基-3-甲摒 在苯基)-3-庚酮[5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-heptanone],(3R,5S)-3,5-二羟基-1,7-二-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-庚烷、(3S,5S)-3,5-二乙酰氧基-1,7-双-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-庚烷[(3S,5S)-3,5-diacetoxy-1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-heptane]及7-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-1-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-4-庚烯-3-酮[7-(3,4dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-hept-4-en-3-one]等。
干姜还含6-姜辣磺酸(6-gingesulfonic acid),5-外-羟基龙脑-2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(angelicoidenol-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside)及姜糖脂(gingerglycolipid)A、B、C。
干姜含挥发油2%~3%,为淡黄色或黄绿色的油状液体,油中主成分为姜酮(zingiberone),其次为β-没药烯(β-bisabolene)、α-姜黄烯(α-curcumene)、β-倍半水芹烯(β-sesqui-phellandrene)及姜醇(zingiberol);另含d-茨烯,桉油精,枸椽醛(citral)、龙脑等萜类化合物及姜烯(zingiberene)等。此外,尚含天冬酰胺、1-派可酸(1-pipecolinic acid)及多种氨基酸。另由鲜姜分得去氢姜辣醇、[6]和[10]-姜二酮(gingerdione)及去氢姜二酮(dehydrogingerdione),对前列腺素的生物合成有抑制作用。
干姜含多量姜辣烯酮,少量姜辣醇,微量姜酮;生姜含多量姜辣醇,少量姜辣烯酮,无姜酮。
【化学成分】
干姜含挥发油2%~3%,为淡黄色或黄绿色的油状液体,油中主成分为姜酮(zingiberone),其次为β-没药烯(β-bisabolene)、α-姜黄烯(α-curcumene)、β-倍半水芹烯(β-sesqui-phellandrene)及姜醇(zingiberol);另含d-茨烯,桉油精,枸椽醛(citral)、龙脑等萜类化合物及姜烯(zingiberene)等.此外,尚含天冬酰胺、1-派可酸(1-pipecolinic acid)及多种氨基酸.另由鲜姜分得去氢姜辣醇、[6]和[10]-姜二酮(gingerdione)及去氢姜二酮(dehydrogingerdione),对前列腺素的生物合成有抑制作用.干姜含多量姜辣烯酮,少量姜辣醇,微量姜酮;生姜含多量姜辣醇,少量姜辣烯酮,无姜酮。
主要成分
干姜含挥发油,主要有姜烯(Zin- giberene)、水芹烯(Phellandrene)、莰烯(Camphe- ne)、姜辣素(Gingerol)、姜酮(Zingiberone)、姜醇(Zingiberol)、姜烯酮(Shogaol)、龙脑(Borneol)、柠檬醛(Citral)、姜油酮(Zingerone)等.从干姜中分离出生姜酮(Gingerdione)及生姜醇(Gingerol)等。